FM
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
157 competencies
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- FM1.1Define Forensic medicine, Clinical Forensic Medicine, Forensic Pathology, State Medicine, Legal Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence
- FM1.2Describe history of Forensic Medicine
- FM1.3Describe legal competencies including Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO), Civil and Criminal Cases, Inquest (Police Inquest and Magistrate's Inquest), Cognizable and Non-cognizable offences
- FM1.4Describe Courts in India and their powers: Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions court, Magistrate's Court, Labour Court, Family Court, Executive Magistrate Court and Juvenile Justice Board
- FM1.5Describe Court competencies including issue of Summons, conduct money, types of witnesses, recording of evidence oath, affirmation, examination in chief, cross examination, re-examination and court questions, recording of evidence & conduct of doctor in witness box
- FM1.6Describe Offenses in Court including Perjury; Court strictures vis-a-vis Medical Officer
- FM1.7Describe Dying Declaration & Dying Deposition
- FM1.8Describe the latest decisions/notifications/resolutions/circulars/standing orders related to medico-legal practice issued by Courts/Government authorities etc.
- FM1.9Describe the importance of documentation in medical practice in regard to medico legal examinations, Medical Certificates and medico legal reports especially - maintenance of patient case records, discharge summary, prescribed registers to be maintained in Health Centres - maintenance of medico-legal register like accident register - documents of issuance of wound certificate - documents of issuance of drunkenness certificate - documents of issuance of sickness and fitness certificate - documents for issuance of death certificate - documents of Medical Certification of Cause of Death - Form Number 4 and 4A - documents for estimation of age by physical, dental and radiological examination and issuance of certificate
- FM2.1Select appropriate cause of death in a particular scenario by referring ICD 11 code
- FM2.2Write a correct Medical Certificate of Cause of Death (MCCD) certificate as per ICD 11 document
- FM2.3Define, describe and discuss death and its types including somatic/clinical/cellular, molecular and brain-death, Cortical Death and Brainstem Death
- FM2.4Describe salient features of the Organ Transplantation and The Human Organ Transplant (Amendment) Act 2011 and discuss ethical issues regarding organ donation
- FM2.5Describe and discuss issues related to sudden natural deaths
- FM2.6Describe and discuss natural and unnatural deaths
- FM2.7Discuss moment of death, modes of death - coma, asphyxia and syncope
- FM2.8Describe and discuss suspended animation
- FM2.9Describe and discuss post-mortem changes including signs of death, cooling of body, post-mortem lividity, rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening and heat stiffening
- FM2.10Describe putrefaction, mummification, adipocere and maceration
- FM2.11Discuss estimation of time since death
- FM2.13Describe and discuss autopsy competencies including post-mortem examination, different types of autopsies, aims and objectives of post-mortem examination
- FM2.14Describe the legal requirements to conduct post-mortem examination and competencies to conduct medico-legal post-mortem examination
- FM2.15Describe and discuss obscure autopsy and Virtopsy
- FM2.16Describe and discuss examination of clothing, preservation of viscera on post-mortem examination for chemical analysis and other medico-legal purposes, post-mortem artefacts
- FM2.17Describe the clinical features, post-mortem finding and medico legal aspects of injuries due to physical agents like heat (heat-hyperpyrexia, heat stroke, sun stroke, heat exhaustion/prostration, heat cramps [miner's cramp]) or cold (systemic and localized hypothermia, frostbite, trench foot, immersion foot)
- FM2.18Describe types of injuries, clinical features, patho-physiology, post-mortem findings and medico-legal aspects in cases of burns, scalds, lightening, electrocution and radiations
- FM2.19Describe and discuss clinical features, post-mortem findings and medico-legal aspects of death due to starvation and neglect
- FM2.20Describe special protocols for conduction of medico-legal autopsies in cases of death in custody or following violation of human rights as per National Human Rights Commission Guidelines
- FM2.21Describe and discuss examination of mutilated bodies or fragments, charred bones and bundle of bones
- FM2.22Describe and discuss exhumation
- FM2.23Crime Scene Investigation: Describe and discuss the objectives of crime scene visit, the duties & responsibilities of doctors on crime scene and the reconstruction of sequence of events after crime scene investigation
- FM2.24Investigation of anaesthetic, operative deaths: Describe and discuss special protocols for conduction of autopsy and for collection, preservation and dispatch of related material evidences
- FM2.25Demonstrate professionalism while conducting autopsy in medico legal situations, interpretation of findings and making inference/opinion, collection, preservation and dispatch of biological or trace evidences
- FM2.26Demonstrate ability to work in a team for conduction of medico-legal autopsies in cases of death following alleged negligence, medical dowry death, death in custody or following violation of human rights as per National Human Rights Commission Guidelines on exhumation
- FM2.27Demonstrate ability to exchange information by verbal or nonverbal communication to the peers, family members, law enforcing agency and judiciary
- FM2.28Demonstrate ability to use local resources whenever required like in mass disaster situations
- FM3.1Define, classify and describe asphyxia and medico-legal interpretation of post-mortem findings in asphyxial deaths
- FM3.2Describe and discuss different types of hanging and strangulation including clinical findings, causes of death, post-mortem findings and medico-legal aspects of death due to hanging and strangulation including examination, preservation and dispatch of ligature material
- FM3.3Describe and discuss patho-physiology, clinical features, post-mortem findings and medico-legal aspects of traumatic asphyxia, obstruction of nose & mouth, suffocation and sexual asphyxia
- FM3.4Describe and discuss types, patho-physiology, clinical features, post-mortem findings and medico-legal aspects of drowning
- FM4.1Define and describe Corpus Delicti, establishment of identity of living persons including race, sex, religion, complexion, stature.
- FM4.2Discuss teeth-eruption, decay, bite marks, and medico-legal aspects of teeth.
- FM4.3Discuss age determination using morphology, bones- ossification centers and medico-legal aspects of age.
- FM4.4Describe and discuss identification of criminals, unknown persons, dead bodies from the remains-hairs, fibers, teeth, anthropometry
- FM4.5Dactylography, footprints, scars, tattoos, poroscopy and superimposition
- FM5.1Define, describe and classify different types of mechanical injuries, abrasion, bruise, laceration, stab wound, incised wound, chop wound, defense wound, self-inflicted/fabricated wounds and their medico-legal aspects
- FM5.2Define injury, assault & hurt. Describe Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS) pertaining to injuries
- FM5.3Describe accidental, suicidal and homicidal injuries. Describe simple, grievous and dangerous injuries. Describe ante-mortem and post-mortem injuries
- FM5.4Describe healing of injury and fracture of bones with its medico-legal importance
- FM5.5Describe factors influencing infliction of injuries and healing, examination and certification of wounds and wound as a cause of death: Primary and Secondary
- FM5.6Describe and discuss different types of weapons including dangerous weapons and their examination
- FM6.1Describe different types of firearms including structure and components, along with description of ammunition propellant charge and mechanism of fire-arms, different types of cartridges and bullets and various terminology in relation of firearm - caliber, range, choking
- FM6.2Describe and discuss wound ballistics-different types of firearm injuries, blast injuries and their interpretation, preservation and dispatch of trace evidences in cases of firearm and blast injuries, various tests related to confirmation of use of firearms
- FM7.1Describe and discuss regional injuries to head (Scalp wounds, fracture skull, intracranial hemorrhages, coup and countercoup injuries), neck, chest, abdomen, limbs, genital organs, spinal cord and Skeleton
- FM7.2Describe and discuss injuries related to fall from height and vehicular injuries - Primary and Secondary impact, Secondary injuries, crush syndrome, railway spine
- FM8.1Describe various sections of BNS and BNSS related to definition of rape, medical examination of rape victim/ survivor and accused of rape, police information by the doctors and medical care with recent amendments notified till date (i.e. Sections 63 BNS, 200 BNS, 397 BNSS & 184 BNSS, 52 BNSS), and sections 3 to 12, 27 and 41 of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act.
- FM8.2Describe and discuss the examination of the survivor of an alleged case of rape, and the preparation of report, framing the opinion and preservation and dispatch of trace evidences in such cases
- FM8.3Describe and discuss informed consent in sexual intercourse. Describe and discuss histories of gender and sexuality-based (sexual orientation) identities and rights in India. Describe history of decriminalization of 'adultery' and consensual adult homosexual sexual behaviour. Describe sexual offences with its medicolegal significance - Forced/ non-consensual penetrative anal sex; Forced/ non-consensual oral sex; Sexual acts with animals/ bestiality/ zoophilia; Forced/ non-consensual insertion of fingers or objects; Forced/ non-consensual touching or groping or disrobing ('indecent assault').
- FM8.4Define and discuss infanticide, foeticide and stillbirth
- FM8.5Define and discuss signs of intrauterine death, signs of live birth, viability of foetus, age determination of foetus, DOAP of ossification centres, Hydrostatic test, Sudden infant death syndrome and Munchausen's syndrome by proxy.
- FM8.6Describe the difference between paraphilia and paraphilic disorder. Describe paraphilic disorder as per the latest guidelines of DSM and ICD and describe medico-legal implications of paraphilic disorder by referring scientific literature and legal justification (if any). Describe and discuss various paraphilias in the context of informed consent during any sexual interaction.
- FM8.7Describe legitimacy and its medico legal importance. Describe and discuss how 'signs' of virginity (so called 'virginity test', including finger tests on female genitalia) are unscientific, inhuman and discriminatory. Describe and discuss how to appraise the courts about unscientific basis of these tests if court orders it.
- FM8.8Discuss the medico legal aspects of pregnancy and delivery, signs of pregnancy, precipitate labour, superfoetation, superfecundation and signs of recent and remote delivery in living and dead
- FM8.9Discuss disputed paternity and maternity
- FM8.10Discuss Pre-conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PC&PNDT) - Prohibition of Sex Selection Act 2003 and Domestic Violence Act 2005 with Amendments
- FM8.11Define and discuss impotence, sterility, frigidity, sexual dysfunction, premature ejaculation. Discuss the causes of impotence and sterility in male and female
- FM8.12Discuss Sterilization of male and female, artificial insemination, Test Tube Baby, surrogate mother, hormonal replacement therapy with respect to appropriate national and state laws
- FM8.13Discuss the relative importance of surgical methods of contraception (vasectomy and tubectomy) as methods of contraception in the National Family Planning Programme
- FM8.14Discuss Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulation Act 2021 and Surrogacy Act 2021 for accreditation, supervision and regulation of ART and Surrogacy Clinics in India.
- FM8.15Define, classify and discuss abortion, methods of MTP and criminal abortion and complication of abortion. MTP Act 2021 and recent amendments.
- FM8.16Describe evidences of abortion - living and dead, duties of doctor in cases of abortion, investigations of death due to criminal abortion
- FM9.1Describe and discuss child abuse and battered baby syndrome
- FM9.2Describe and discuss issues relating to torture, identification of injuries caused by torture and its sequalae, management of torture Survivors
- FM9.3Describe and discuss guidelines and Protocols of National Human Rights Commission regarding torture
- FM9.4Should be able to demonstrate the professionalism while dealing with survivor of torture and human right violations, sexual assaults- psychological consultation, rehabilitation
- FM10.1Describe Medical Ethics and explain its historical emergence
- FM10.2Describe the Indian Medical Register
- FM10.3Describe the functions and role of National Medical Commission and State Medical Councils
- FM10.4Describe the Code of Medical Ethics 2002 conduct, Etiquette and Ethics in medical practice and unethical practices & the dichotomy
- FM10.5Rights/privileges of a medical practitioner, penal erasure, infamous conduct, disciplinary Committee, disciplinary competencies, warning notice and penal erasure
- FM10.6Describe the Laws in Relation to medical practice and the duties of a medical practitioner towards patients and society
- FM10.7Describe and discuss ethics related to HIV patients and legal aspects as per The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017.
- FM10.8Describe the Consumer Protection Act-2019 (Medical Indemnity Insurance, Civil Litigations and Compensations)
- FM10.9Describe the medico-legal issues in relation to family violence, violation of human rights, NHRC and doctors
- FM10.10Describe communication between doctors, public and media
- FM10.11Describe and discuss euthanasia and Do not Resuscitate (DNR)
- FM10.12Discuss legal and ethical issues in relation to stem cell research
- FM10.13Describe social aspects of Medico-legal cases with respect to survivors of assault, rape, attempted suicide, homicide, domestic violence, dowry-related cases
- FM10.14Describe & discuss the challenges in managing medico-legal cases including development of skills in relationship management - Human behavior, communication skills, conflict resolution Techniques
- FM10.15Describe the principles of handling pressure - definition, types, causes, sources and skills for managing the pressure while dealing with medico-legal cases by the doctor
- FM10.16Describe and discuss Bioethics
- FM10.17Describe and discuss ethical Principles: Respect for autonomy, non-malfeasance, beneficence & justice
- FM10.18Describe and discuss medical negligence including civil and criminal negligence, contributory negligence, corporate negligence, vicarious liability, Res Ipsa Loquitor, prevention of medical negligence and defenses in medical negligence litigations
- FM10.19Define Consent. Describe different types of consent and ingredients of informed consent. Describe the rules of consent and importance of consent in relation to age, emergency situation
- FM10.20Describe therapeutic privilege, Malingering, therapeutic Misadventure, Professional Secrecy, Human Experimentation
- FM10.21Describe Products liability and Medical Indemnity Insurance
- FM10.22Explain Oath - Hippocrates, Charaka and Sushruta and procedure for administration of Oath.
- FM10.23Describe the modified Declaration of Geneva and its relevance
- FM10.24Enumerate rights, privileges and duties of a Registered Medical Practitioner. Discuss doctor-patient relationship: professional secrecy and privileged communication
- FM10.25Clinical research & Ethics: Discuss human experimentation including clinical trials
- FM10.26Discuss the constitution and functions of ethical committees
- FM10.27Describe and discuss Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects & Animals
- FM10.28Demonstrate respect to laws relating to medical practice and Ethical code of conduct prescribed by National Medical Commission and rules and regulations prescribed by it from time to time
- FM10.29Demonstrate ability to conduct research in pursuance to guidelines or research ethics
- FM11.1Classify common mental illnesses including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- FM11.2Define, classify and describe delusions, hallucinations, illusion, lucid interval and obsessions with exemplification
- FM11.3Describe Civil and criminal responsibilities of a mentally ill person
- FM11.4Differentiate between true mental illness from feigned mental illness
- FM11.5Describe & discuss Delirium tremens
- FM11.6Describe the Indian Mental Health Act, 2017 and recent amendments with special reference to admission, care and discharge of a mentally ill person
- FM12.1Describe different types of specimen and tissues to be collected both in the living and dead: Body fluids (blood, urine, semen, faeces, saliva), Skin, Nails, tooth pulp, vaginal smear, viscera, skull, specimen for histo-pathological examination, blood grouping, HLA Typing and DNA Fingerprinting. Describe Locard's Exchange Principle
- FM12.2Describe the methods of sample collection, preservation, labelling, dispatch, and interpretation of reports
- FM12.3Cyber Forensic in relation to Privacy of Medical Documents
- FM12.4Demonstrate professionalism while sending the biological or trace evidences to Forensic Science laboratory, specifying the required tests to be carried out, objectives of preservation of evidences sent for examination, personal discussions on interpretation of findings
- FM12.5Demonstrate the professionalism while preparing reports in medico legal situations, interpretation of findings and making inference/opinion, collection, preservation and dispatch of biological or trace evidences
- FM12.6Enumerate the indications and describe the principles and appropriate use for: DNA profiling, Facial reconstruction, Polygraph (Lie Detector), Narcoanalysis, Brain Mapping, Digital autopsy, Virtual Autopsy, Imaging technologies
- FM13.1Describe the history of Toxicology
- FM13.2Define the terms Toxicology, Forensic Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology and poison.
- FM13.3Describe the various types of poisons, Toxicokinetics, and Toxicodynamics and diagnosis of poisoning in living and dead
- FM13.4Describe the Laws in relations to poisons including NDPS Act, Medico-legal aspects of poisons
- FM13.5Describe Medico-legal autopsy in cases of poisoning including preservation and dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis
- FM13.6Describe the general symptoms, principles of diagnosis and management of common poisons encountered in India
- FM13.7Describe simple Bedside clinic tests to detect poison/drug in a patient's body fluids
- FM13.8Describe basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination
- FM13.9Describe the procedure of intimation of suspicious cases or actual cases of foul play to the police, maintenance of records, preservation and dispatch of relevant samples for laboratory analysis.
- FM13.10Describe the general principles of Analytical Toxicology and give a brief description of analytical methods available for toxicological analysis: Chromatography - Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- FM13.11Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to: Caustics Inorganic - sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids; Organic - Carbolic Acid (phenol), Oxalic and acetylsalicylic acids
- FM13.12Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to Phosphorus, Iodine, Barium
- FM13.13Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to Arsenic, lead, mercury, copper, iron.
- FM13.14Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to Ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, Local Made Liquor and Hooch Tragedy
- FM13.15Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to Organophosphates, Carbamates, Organochlorines, Pyrethroids, Paraquat, Aluminium and Zinc phosphide
- FM13.16Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to Ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide & derivatives, methyl isocyanate, tear (riot control) gases
- FM13.17Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to: i. Antipyretics - Paracetamol, Salicylates ii. Anti-Infectives (Common antibiotics - an overview) iii. Neuropsychotoxicology - Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, phenytoin, lithium, haloperidol, neuroleptics, tricyclics
- FM13.18Describe General Principles and basic methodologies in treatment of poisoning: decontamination, supportive therapy, antidote therapy, competencies of enhanced elimination with regard to: iv. Narcotic Analgesics, Anaesthetics, and Muscle Relaxants v. Cardiovascular Toxicology - Cardiotoxic plants - oleander, Cerbera odollam, aconite, digitalis vi. Gastro-Intestinal and Endocrinal Drugs - Insulin
- FM13.19Describe features and management of Snake bite, scorpion sting, bee and wasp sting and spider bite
- FM13.20Describe features and management of abuse/poisoning of Tobacco, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens, designer drugs & solvent, Mushroom Poisoning, Food Poisoning
- FM13.21Describe toxic pollution of environment, its medico-legal aspects & toxic hazards of occupation and industry
- FM14.1Examine and prepare Medico-legal report of an injured person with different etiologies in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.2Demonstrate the correct technique of clinical examination in a suspected case of poisoning & prepare medico-legal report in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.3Assist and demonstrate the proper technique in collecting, preserving and dispatch of the exhibits in a suspected case of poisoning, along with clinical examination
- FM14.4Conduct and prepare report of estimation of age of a person for medico-legal and other purposes & prepare medico-legal report in a simulated/ supervised environments
- FM14.5Examine and prepare Medical Certificate Of Cause Of Death (MCCD) in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.6Conduct & prepare post-mortem examination report of varied etiologies (at least 15) in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.7Demonstrate the correct technique to perform and identify ABO & RH blood group of a person
- FM14.8Demonstrate examination of & present an opinion after examination of skeletal remains in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.9Demonstrate ability to identify & prepare medico legal inference from specimens obtained from various types of injuries e.g. contusion, abrasion, laceration, firearm wounds, burns, head injury and fracture of bone
- FM14.10To identify & describe weapons of medico legal importance which are commonly used e.g. lathi, knife, kripan, axe, gandasa, gupti, farsha, dagger, bhalla, razor & stick. Able to prepare report of the weapons brought by police and to give opinion regarding injuries present on the person as described in injury report/ PM report so as to connect weapon with the injuries.
- FM14.11Describe the contents and structure of bullet and cartridges used & to provide medico-legal interpretation from these
- FM14.12To estimate the age of foetus by post-mortem examination
- FM14.13To examine & prepare report of an alleged accused person in cases of various sexual offences in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.14To examine & prepare medico-legal report on an alleged victim/ survivor of various sexual offences in a simulated/ supervised environment. (Guidelines and protocols of Medico Legal Care for Survivors/ Victims of sexual violence; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI - with latest modifications if any). Demonstrate an understanding of framing the opinion, preservation and dispatch of trace evidences in such cases. Describe and discuss sympathetic/ empathetic examination and interview of victims/ survivors of sexual assault, including presence of trusted adult figure (person) in cases of minor victims/ survivors.
- FM14.15To examine & prepare medico-legal report of drunk person in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.16To identify & draw medico-legal inference from common poisons e.g. dhatura, castor, cannabis, opium, aconite, copper sulphate, pesticides compounds, marking nut, oleander, Nux vomica, abrus seeds, Snakes, capsicum, calotropis, lead compounds & tobacco.
- FM14.17To examine & prepare medico-legal report of a person in police, judicial custody or referred by Court of Law and violation of human rights as requirement of NHRC, who has been brought for medical examination
- FM14.18To record and certify dying declaration in a simulated/ supervised environment
- FM14.19To collect, preserve, seal and dispatch exhibits for DNA-Fingerprinting using various formats of different laboratories.
- FM14.20To give expert medical/ medico-legal evidence in Court of law
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