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MBBS/ Microbiology/MI2.1

MI2.1

Explain the role of immunological mechanisms in health and disease (innate and acquired immunity).

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Microbiology73 competencies

MI1.1 Discuss notable historical events, scientific developments and contributions of key scientists in the evolution of medical microbiology. Discuss the role of microbes in health and disease
MI1.2 Describe basic morphology, physiology/characteristics, classification and common infections /diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
MI1.3 Describe the basic principles of molecular biology and the concept and significance of studying molecular genetics. Discuss molecular techniques applied to disease diagnosis in clinical microbiology.
MI1.4 Describe the laboratory methods used to detect causative agents of infectious diseases.
MI1.5 Discuss the appropriate method of collecting and transporting samples to detect microbial agents, including instructions to be given to patients before sample collection.
MI1.6 Demonstrate the appropriate method of collection and transport of samples for the detection of microbial agents including instructions to be given to patients before sample collection.
MI1.7 Discuss the attitude & behaviors that portray respect & demonstrate respect for patient samples sent to the laboratory for performance of laboratory tests in the detection of microbial agents causing Infectious diseases
MI1.8 Discuss and demonstrate effective communication skills with patients, relatives and clinicians during sample collection and pre/post test counseling
MI1.9 Discuss & demonstrate confidentiality pertaining to patient identity in laboratory results
MI1.10 Perform Gram stain, ZN stain, and routine stool examination to identify the different causative agents of infectious diseases from the clinical specimen
MI1.11 Describe the epidemiological basis of infectious diseases and their application.
MI1.12 Classify and describe the different methods of sterilization and disinfection. Discuss the mechanism of action, application and quality control of different methods in the laboratory and in clinical and surgical practices.
MI1.13 Choose the most appropriate method of sterilization and disinfection to be used in specific situations in the laboratory, in clinical and surgical practice.
MI2.1 Explain the role of immunological mechanisms in health and disease (innate and acquired immunity).
MI2.2 Describe the structure and functions of immune system and its components (antigens, antibodies and complement systems).
MI2.3 Describe the host immune responses in Microbial infections (humoral and cellular immune response).
MI2.4 Explain the immune response in different types of infections (bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections)
MI2.5 Discuss the principles and applications of laboratory tests used in diagnostic microbiology based on the host's immune response.
MI2.6 Discuss the immunological basis of disease prevention through active and passive immune prophylaxis. Discuss the importance of herd immunity in prevention and control of infectious disease in community.
MI2.7 Describe the immunological mechanisms in immunological disorders (hypersensitivity, autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency states) and discuss the laboratory methods used in their detection.
MI2.8 Describe the immunological mechanisms involved in transplantation, tumour immunity and their applications in disease management.
MI3.1 Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications/sequelae and laboratory diagnosis of rheumatic fever.
MI3.2 Describe the classification, etio-pathogenesis, clinical features of Infective endocarditis (IE).
MI3.3 Discuss the diagnostic modalities of IE available with special emphasis on concept of sepsis and blood culture collection & processing.
MI3.4 Diagnose a clinically suspected case of rheumatic fever/IE based on the findings of various microscopic, serological and culture investigations.
MI3.5 Define & describe types of Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Discuss the etiopathogenesis and diagnostic modalities available to rule out infective causes of PUO.
MI3.6 Classify & describe the enteric fever pathogens. Discuss the evolution of the clinical course, pathogenesis, complications, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of enteric fever.
MI3.7 Choose the most appropriate laboratory test in a suspected case of enteric fever based on the duration of illness and in a suspected case of carrier.
MI3.8 Read and interpret the results of various laboratory investigations in a suspected case of enteric fever with special emphasis on serological test results.
MI3.9 Enumerate the common infective causes of anaemia and describe the mechanisms involved in causing anaemia by them.
MI3.10 Describe the morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of the common parasites causing anaemia.
MI3.11 Describe the morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of hemoparasites commonly prevalent in India (e.g. causing kala-azar, malaria, filariasis etc.)
MI3.12 Differentiate agents of malignant malaria from agents of benign malaria reported in peripheral blood smear examination/ serology and explain its clinical significance.
MI3.13 Describe the epidemiology, the etio-pathogenesis, evolution, complications, opportunistic infections, diagnosis, prevention and the principles of management of HIV
MI4.1 Define and differentiate between diarrhea, dysentery and food poisoning. Enumerate the microbial agents causing them.
MI4.2 Describe the epidemiology, morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnostic modalities of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal agents causing diarrhoea.
MI4.3 Describe the epidemiology, morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnostic modalities of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal agents causing dysentery
MI4.4 Identify the common etiologic agents of diarrhoea and dysentery by stool microscopic examination.
MI4.5 Enumerate the bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal agents of food poisoning and discuss their pathogenesis, clinical course and laboratory diagnosis.
MI4.6 Describe the infective aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of Acid peptic disease (APD) and discuss the laboratory diagnosis and management of the causative agent of APD.
MI4.7 Describe the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and complications of viral hepatitis.
MI4.8 Discuss the modalities in laboratory diagnosis, with special emphasis on viral markers and preventive strategies for viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis viruses.
MI4.9 Suggest the most appropriate laboratory test based on history and clinical presentation in a suspected case of viral hepatitis and interpret the type and progress of viral hepatitis based on the laboratory report of viral markers in a case of infection by hepatitis virus.
MI5.1 Enumerate the microbial agents causing anaerobic infections. Describe the pathogenesis, clinical course and the laboratory diagnosis of anaerobic infections.
MI5.2 Explain the etiopathogenesis, clinical course & laboratory diagnosis of bone & joint infections caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents.
MI5.3 Explain the etiopathogenesis, clinical course and the laboratory diagnosis of skin and soft tissue infections caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents.
MI5.4 Differentiate between infective and non-infective lesions in the skin. Enlist microbes causing systemic disease with involvement of skin.
MI5.5 Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical course, complications and laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections involving skin & soft tissue with special emphasis on sample collection from/of skin
MI6.1 Enumerate the microbial agents causing meningitis. Explain the pathogenesis, clinical course and laboratory diagnosis of meningitis caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents.
MI6.2 Enumerate the microbial agents causing encephalitis. Explain the pathogenesis, clinical course and laboratory diagnosis of encephalitis caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents.
MI6.3 Identify the microbial agents causing meningitis from a Gram stained given smear. Read & interpret the microscopic findings and culture report of CSF to diagnose a case of bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infection in CNS
MI7.1 Explain the etiopathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of Infections of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic agents.
MI7.2 Explain the etiopathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of Infections of the lower respiratory tract caused by bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic agents.
MI7.3 Enlist & identify the etiological agents of lower respiratory infection in specific situations like age, immune status, community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia etc
MI7.4 Identify the common etiologic agents of upper respiratory tract infections in a Gram Stain/ Albert stained smear of throat swab and correlate with the clinical findings provided.
MI7.5 Identify the common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infections in a provided Gram Stained & Acid fast stained smear of sputum/BAL/tracheal aspirate and correlate with the clinical findings provided
MI8.1 Describe the etiopathogenesis and discuss the laboratory diagnosis of common bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections of the genito-urinary system
MI8.2 Enlist common sexually transmitted infections (STI). Explain the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections.
MI8.4 Explain etiopathogenesis, clinical course, and the appropriate method for specimen collection, and discuss the laboratory diagnosis of different clinical and epidemiological types of urinary tract infections.
MI9.1 Define and classify Zoonotic infections. Explain etio-pathogenesis, vectors, clinical course, transmission, risk factors, laboratory diagnosis, and preventive & control strategies of different zoonotic infections caused by bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic agents.
MI9.2 Describe the etiopathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of opportunistic infections (OI) along with factors predisposing to the development of OI by bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic agents.
MI9.3 Choose the most suitable microbiological investigation in a given clinical situation and interpret the results of the laboratory tests for the diagnosis of the infectious disease
MI9.4 Describe the etiopathogenesis of infective causes of malignancy and explain the mechanisms used by oncogenic viruses in the development of virus-associated malignancies, along with their preventive measures.
MI9.5 Describe the concept of emerging & re-emerging Infectious diseases. Explain the factors responsible for emergence and re-emergence of these diseases and strategies for their prevention and control.
MI9.6 Describe the National Health Programs in the prevention of common infectious diseases and discuss the National reference centres for disease diagnosis and control
MI10.1 Enumerate different causative agents and the types of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI). Define HAI and describe the chain of transmission and its role in preventing HAI.
MI10.2 Describe the standard & transmission based precautions for infection control and the role of the hospital infection control committee (HICC) in the prevention of HAI.
MI10.3 Demonstrate hand washing, donning-doffing of PPE and segregation of Biomedical waste
MI10.4 Describe the methods used and significance of assessing the microbial contamination of food, water and air (in hospital surveillance)
MI10.5 Describe the commonly detected drug-resistant microbes in HAI. Explain the mechanism of evolution, spread, and control of antimicrobial drug resistance in hospitalized patients.
MI11.1 Describe the genotypic & phenotypic mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance and the methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, along with interpretation of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing report
MI11.2 Explain intrinsic & acquired drug resistance along with the antimicrobial spectrum of important human pathogens and its application in clinical therapy.
MI11.3 Explain the concept and application of the antimicrobial stewardship program including rational antimicrobial prescription and your role in its implementation.

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