BC
Biochemistry
79 competencies
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- BC1.1Describe and discuss enzyme Inhibition and role of enzymes or drugs as Inhibitors, and enzymes as therapeutic agents.
- BC2.1Describe and discuss the clinical utility of various serum enzymes in laboratory and their use as markers of various pathological conditions.
- BC2.2Interpret laboratory results of enzymes in various disorders.
- BC2.3Discuss and differentiate monosaccharides, di-saccharides and polysaccharides with examples, their importance as energy fuel, structural element, and storage molecule in human body.
- BC2.4Describe the digestion, absorption and transport of carbohydrates from food along with its disorders.
- BC2.5Define and briefly describe the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and their regulation (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA, and significance of glycogen metabolism and HMP shunt), with associated disorders.
- BC3.1Describe and discuss the regulation, functions and integration of minor Carbohydrate Metabolism pathway briefly along with associated diseases/disorders.
- BC3.2Discuss the mechanism and significance of blood glucose regulation (Glucose homeostasis) in health and disease. Describe the types, Biochemical changes, complications and laboratory investigations related to diabetes & other carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
- BC3.3Interpret the results of analytes associated with metabolism of carbohydrates and other laboratory investigations related to disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
- BC3.4Describe and discuss main classes of lipids and their functions.
- BC3.5Describe the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and its associated disorders.
- BC3.6Describe and discuss the fatty acid oxidation, metabolism of ketone bodies along with their clinical significance.
- BC4.1Describe metabolism of Triglycerides and cholesterol metabolism along with its regulation and clinical significance.
- BC4.2Describe the metabolism of lipoproteins with brief overview of lipoprotein structure, their interrelations & relations with atherosclerosis.
- BC4.3Discuss Biological role and therapeutic applications of Eicosanoids and their Inhibitors.
- BC4.4Describe Fatty liver, cholelithiasis and obesity.
- BC4.5Interpret laboratory results of analytes associated with metabolism of lipids
- BC4.6Discuss briefly structure of amino acids and classify amino acids on the basis of Nutritional and Metabolic significance.
- BC4.7Discuss classification of proteins, structural organization, functions and clinical aspects.
- BC4.8Describe the digestion and absorption of dietary proteins
- BC5.1Describe plasma proteins and their functions and brief overview of normal and abnormal electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins, acute phase proteins.
- BC5.2Describe the structure, functions and disorders of Immunoglobulins with brief description of cellular and humoral Immunity.
- BC5.3Describe the formation, transport, detoxification of Ammonia, Ammonia toxicity and its clinical significance.
- BC5.4Describe the specialized products formed from the amino acids Glycine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, and Methionine, branched chain amino acids and Arginine and the inborn errors associated with them. Discuss new-born screening.
- BC5.5Describe the structure and functions of haem in the body and describe the processes involved in its metabolism with emphasis on jaundice and describe porphyrin metabolism.
- BC5.6Describe the major types of Hemoglobin and its types, derivatives & variants found in the body and their physiological / pathological relevance
- BC5.7Enumerate the functions and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM).
- BC5.8Discuss the involvement of ECM components in health and disease.
- BC5.9Describe protein targeting & sorting along with its associated disorders.
- BC6.1Describe the integration of various metabolic processes in the body (Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein).
- BC6.2Describe the Biochemical processes involved in generation of energy in cells.
- BC6.3Describe the Biochemical role of vitamins in the body and explain the manifestations of their deficiency
- BC7.1Discuss the importance of various dietary components and explain importance of dietary fibre.
- BC7.2Describe the types and causes of protein energy malnutrition and its effects.
- BC8.1Provide dietary advice for optimal health in childhood and adult in disease conditions like diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and in pregnancy.
- BC8.2Describe the causes (including dietary habits), effects and health risks associated with being overweight/ obese / metabolic syndrome
- BC8.3Summarize the nutritional importance of commonly used items of food including fruits and vegetables (macro-molecules & its importance).
- BC8.4Describe the dietary sources, absorption, transport, and metabolism, Biochemical functions of Iron, Calcium and copper with its associated clinical disorders.
- BC8.5Discuss Magnesium, Zinc and Phosphorus along with its clinical significance and discuss the functions of trace elements
- BC8.6Describe the processes involved in maintenance of normal pH, water & electrolyte balance of body fluids and the derangements associated with them
- BC9.1Describe nucleotides and nucleic acids and their clinical significance.
- BC9.2Describe briefly synthesis of purines in the body with special stress on salvage pathway.
- BC9.3Describe the degradation of purines and its significance with associated disorders.
- BC10.1Describe in brief the major steps involved in Replication, Transcription, and translation.
- BC10.2Describe the types of DNA repair, gene mutations and associated disorders.
- BC10.3Describe basic mechanism of regulation of gene expression
- BC10.4Describe applications of molecular technologies like recombinant DNA technology and PCR in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Briefly discuss microarray, FISH, CRISPR
- BC10.5Describe the function tests of kidney, liver, thyroid and adrenal glands and their clinical significance. Interpret the function tests report.
- BC10.6Enumerate the hormones and markers related to reproduction and reproductive health and their clinical interpretation (For e.g. LH, FSH, Prolactin, beta-HCG, Estrogen, Progesterone, testosterone and AMH). Discuss importance of prenatal screening.
- BC10.7Describe the role of xenobiotics in health and disease
- BC11.1Describe the anti-oxidant defense systems in the body.
- BC11.2Describe the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of conditions such as cancer, complications of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis
- BC12.1Describe oncogenesis, oncogenes & its activation with focus on p53 & apoptosis.
- BC12.2Describe various Biochemical tumor markers and the Biochemical basis of cancer therapy.
- BC12.3Discuss briefly on HIV and Biochemical changes in AIDS.
- BC13.1Discuss metabolism of alcohol with Biochemical changes and effects of chronic alcoholism.
- BC13.2Describe the role of Artificial Intelligence in clinical Biochemistry laboratory practices.
- BC13.3Describe estimation of pH by pH meter or ABG analyser and interpretation of results with paper case scenarios.
- BC13.4Describe the physical properties, chemical constituents of normal urine and abnormal constituents of urine and Perform urine analysis to determine normal and abnormal constituents (including dipsticks method demonstration).
- BC13.5Identify abnormal constituents in urine, interpret the findings and correlate these with pathological states and prepare a urine report.
- BC14.2Describe screening of urine for inborn errors & describe the use of paper chromatography
- BC14.3Describe the principles of Colorimetry & Spectrophotometry.
- BC14.4Perform estimation of glucose by manual / semi-automated analyzer method and demonstrate glucometer usage and interpretation of results with clinical scenarios.
- BC14.5Perform estimation of urea and calculate BUN and interpretation of results in clinical scenarios.
- BC14.6Perform the estimation of serum creatinine and calculate creatinine clearance.
- BC14.7Perform estimation of uric acid in serum and interpretation of results with clinical scenarios.
- BC14.8Perform estimation of serum proteins, albumin and A:G ratio
- BC14.9Perform the estimation of serum total cholesterol
- BC14.10Perform the estimation of serum Bilirubin by manual / semi-automated analyzer method.
- BC14.11Describe estimation of calcium and phosphorus and interpretation of results.
- BC14.12Describe the estimation of Triglycerides, HDL and calculation of LDL and interpretation of results with clinical scenarios.
- BC14.13Describe the estimation of SGOT (AST) / SGPT (ALT) / Alkaline Phosphatase and interpretation of results with clinical scenarios.
- BC14.14Describe briefly various body fluids & discuss the composition of CSF.
- BC14.15Observe use of commonly used equipments/techniques in Biochemistry laboratory including: pH meter, Paper chromatography of amino acid, Protein electrophoresis
- BC14.16Explain the basis and rationale of Biochemical tests done and interpretation of laboratory results in the following conditions: Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, dyslipidaemia, Fatty liver, myocardial infarction, Renal failure, Gout, Nephrotic syndrome, Jaundice, Liver diseases, pancreatitis, disorders of acid-base balance, Thyroid disorders, Genetic disorders, Nutritional disorders, Vitamin deficiency disorders, Disorders of Mineral metabolism, Disorders of electrolyte metabolism.
- BC14.17Describe & Identify Pre-Analytical (especially order of draw, tourniquet technique), Analytical, Post Analytical errors.
- BC14.18Describe Quality control and identify basic L J charts in Clinical biochemistry lab.
- BC14.19Describe performance of OGTT, Glucose Challenge Test and HbA1c and interpretation of results with clinical scenarios.
- BC14.20Calculate energy content of different food Items, identify food items with high and low glycaemic index and explain the importance of these in the diet.
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