PA
Pathology
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- BC14.21Describe the role of a pathologist in diagnosis and management of disease
- BC14.22Enumerate common definitions and terms used in Pathology and describe the history and evolution of Pathology
- BC14.23Describe proliferation and cell cycle and concept of regenerative medicine along with role of stem cells.
- PA1.1Describe the causes, mechanisms, types and effects of cell injury and their clinical significance
- PA1.2Describe the etiology of cell injury. Distinguish between reversible-irreversible injury: mechanisms; morphology of cell injury
- PA1.3Describe morphological changes in intracellular accumulation of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, pigments
- PA2.1Describe and explain Cell death- types, mechanisms, necrosis, apoptosis (basic as contrasted with necrosis), autolysis
- PA2.2Describe types and pathology of calcifications and gangrene
- PA2.3Describe cellular adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
- PA2.4Describe the mechanisms of cellular aging and apoptosis
- PA2.5Define and describe the general features of acute and chronic inflammation including stimuli
- PA2.6Define and describe the general features of acute and chronic inflammation including stimuli, vascular and cellular events
- PA2.7Enumerate and describe the mediators of acute inflammation
- PA2.8Define and describe chronic inflammation including causes, types non-specific and granulomatous and enumerate examples of each
- PA3.1Identify and describe acute and chronic inflammation in gross and microscopic specimens
- PA3.2Define and describe the process of repair and regeneration including wound healing and its types
- PA3.3Define and describe edema, its types, pathogenesis and clinical correlations
- PA3.4Define and describe hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage
- PA4.1Define and describe shock, its pathogenesis and its stages
- PA5.1Define and describe normal haemostasis and the etiopathogenesis and consequences of thrombosis
- PA5.2Define and describe Ischemia/infarction, embolism its types, etiology, morphologic changes and clinical effects
- PA5.3Identify and describe the gross and microscopic features of infarction in a pathologic specimen
- PA5.4Define and classify neoplasia. Describe the characteristics of neoplasia including gross, microscopy, Biological behavior and spread. Differentiate between benign from malignant neoplasms
- PA5.5Describe the molecular basis of cancer, role of genetic and epigenetic alterations with special emphasis on common cancers like breast/ colon
- PA5.6Define and classify the carcinogens and describe the process of different types of carcinogenesis
- PA6.1Describe the effects of tumor on the host including para neoplastic syndrome
- PA6.2Describe laboratory diagnosis of cancer including molecular profiles of tumors, tumors markers and future of cancer diagnostics
- PA6.3Describe immunology and the immune response to cancer with its clinical significance - Immunotherapy
- PA6.4Identify and describe the gross and microscopic features of Benign and malignant neoplasm in a pathologic specimen
- PA6.5Describe the techniques of cytology, staining & diagnostic role of cytology and its application in clinical care
- PA6.6Describe the principles and mechanisms involved in immunity
- PA6.7Describe the mechanism of hypersensitivity reaction
- PA7.1Describe the HLA system and the immune principles involved in transplant and mechanism of transplant rejection
- PA8.1Define autoimmunity. Enumerate autoimmune disorder and describe the pathogenesis of common autoimmune diseases
- PA8.2Define and describe the pathogenesis of systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- PA8.3Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of HIV and AIDS
- PA8.4Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of amyloidosis
- PA8.5Identify and describe various forms of amyloidosis with their manifestations and consequences in gross and microscopic specimens
- PA8.6Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of malaria
- PA9.1Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of cysticercosis
- PA9.2Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of leprosy
- PA10.1Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of common bacterial, viral, protozoal and helminthic diseases
- PA10.2Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology and laboratory findings in COVID
- PA10.3Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of leprosy
- PA10.4Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of common bacterial, viral, protozoal and helminthic diseases
- PA10.5Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology and laboratory findings in COVID
- PA11.1Describe the pathogenesis and features of common cytogenetic abnormalities and mutations with diagnostic modalities in childhood
- PA11.2Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of tumor and tumor like conditions in infancy and childhood
- PA11.3Describe the pathogenesis of common storage disorders in infancy and childhood
- PA12.1Enumerate and describe the pathogenesis of disorders caused by air pollution, tobacco, alcohol and noise
- PA12.2Describe the pathogenesis of disorders caused by protein calorie malnutrition, vitamins and starvation
- PA12.3Describe the pathogenesis of obesity and its consequences with special emphasis on metabolic syndrome
- PA13.1Describe hematopoiesis and extra medullary hematopoiesis and the role of anticoagulants in hematology
- PA13.2Define and classify anemia. Enumerate and describe the investigation of anemia
- PA13.3Describe collection of specimens and identify coagulants and anticoagulant bulbs, instruments
- PA13.4Perform common haematological tests - Hb, RBC count, WBC count and DLC
- PA14.1Describe iron metabolism and describe the etiology, investigations and differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia
- PA14.2Identify and describe the peripheral smear in microcytic Anemia
- PA15.1Describe the metabolism of Vitamin B12 and the etiology and pathogenesis of B12 deficiency and describe laboratory investigations of macrocytic anemia
- PA15.2Enumerate the differences and describe the etiology, laboratory features of megaloblastic anemia and distinguishing features of megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia
- PA15.3Identify and describe the peripheral blood picture of macrocytic Anemia
- PA16.1Define and classify hemolytic anemia and describe the pathogenesis and clinical features and hematologic indices of hemolytic anemia
- PA16.2Describe the pathogenesis, features, hematologic indices and peripheral blood picture of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
- PA16.3Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, hematologic indices and peripheral blood picture of Acquired hemolytic anemia and different hemolytic Anemias
- PA17.1Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and findings in aplastic Anemia and enumerate the indications and describe the findings in bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
- PA18.1Enumerate and describe the causes of leukocytosis, leucopenia, lymphocytosis and leukemoid reactions
- PA18.2Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, classification, features, hematologic features of acute and chronic leukemia
- PA19.1Enumerate the causes and describe the differentiating features of lymphadenopathy
- PA19.2Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of tuberculous Lymphadenitis
- PA19.3Describe and discuss the pathogenesis, pathology and the differentiating features of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- PA19.4Enumerate and differentiate the causes of splenomegaly
- PA19.5Identify and describe the features of tuberculous lymphadenitis in a gross and microscopic specimen
- PA19.6Identify and describe the features of Hodgkin's lymphoma in a gross and microscopic specimen
- PA20.1Describe normal hemostasis. Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis and pathology of vascular and platelet disorders including ITP and hemophilias
- PA20.2Define and describe disseminated intravascular coagulation, its laboratory findings and diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation and diagnosis of Vitamin K deficiency
- PA20.3Define and describe its laboratory findings and diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
- PA21.1Classify and describe blood group systems (ABO and RH)
- PA21.2Enumerate blood components and describe their clinical uses
- PA21.3Enumerate and describe infections transmitted by blood transfusion
- PA21.4Describe transfusion reactions and enumerate the steps in the investigation of a transfusion reaction
- PA21.5Enumerate the indications and describe the principles and procedure of autologous transfusion
- PA21.6Describe the correct technique to perform blood grouping. Describe the correct technique to perform a cross match
- PA22.1Describe abnormal urinary findings in disease states and identify and describe common urinary abnormalities in a clinical specimen
- PA22.2Describe abnormal findings in body fluids in various disease states
- PA22.3Describe and interpret the abnormalities in a panel containing semen analysis, thyroid function tests.
- PA22.4Describe and interpret the abnormalities in a panel containing liver function tests
- PA22.5Describe and interpret the abnormalities in a panel containing renal function tests
- PA23.1Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and clinical features of oral cancers
- PA23.2Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, microbiology, clinical and microscopic features of carcinoma esophagus
- PA23.3Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, microbiology, clinical and microscopic features of peptic ulcer disease
- PA23.4Describe the etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic features of carcinoma of the stomach
- PA23.5Describe the etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic features of Tuberculosis of the intestine and appendicitis.
- PA23.6Describe the etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic and distinguishing features of Inflammatory bowel disease
- PA23.7Enumerate causes and describe laboratory diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome
- PA23.8Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and distinguishing features of carcinoma of the colon
- PA23.9Describe and identify the microscopic features of peptic ulcer, intestinal ulcers and tumours of GIT
- PA24.1Describe Bilirubin metabolism, enumerate the etiology and pathogenesis of jaundice, distinguish between direct and indirect hyper Bilirubinemia
- PA24.2Describe the pathophysiology and pathologic changes seen in hepatic failure and their clinical manifestations, complications and consequences
- PA24.3Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of viral and toxic hepatitis: distinguish the causes of hepatitis based on the clinical and laboratory features. Describe the pathology, complications and consequences of hepatitis
- PA24.4Describe the pathophysiology, pathology and progression of alcoholic liver disease including cirrhosis
- PA24.5Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and complications of portal hypertension
- PA24.6Interpret liver function and viral hepatitis serology panel. Distinguish obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice based on clinical features and liver function tests
- PA24.7Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, morphology and complications of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- PA24.8Describe the pathophysiology, pathology and complications of acute cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis
- PA24.9Describe and identify the microscopic features of liver diseases and tumors
- PA25.1Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology and complications of pneumonia
- PA25.2Describe the etiology, gross and microscopic appearance and complications of lung abscess
- PA25.3Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology and complications and evaluation of Obstructive airway disease (OAD) and bronchiectasis
- PA25.4Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic appearance and complications of tuberculosis
- PA25.5Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, environmental influence, pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic appearance and complications of Occupational lung disease
- PA25.6Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, genetic environmental influence, pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic appearance, metastases and complications of tumors of the lung and pleura including mesothelioma
- PA25.7Identify and describe the features of diseases and tumors of lung in a gross and microscopic specimen
- PA26.1Distinguish arteriosclerosis from atherosclerosis. Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of various causes and types of atherosclerosis
- PA26.2Describe the etiology, dynamics, pathology types and complications of aneurysms including aortic aneurysms
- PA26.3Describe the etiology, types, stages, pathophysiology, pathology and complications of heart failure
- PA26.4Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross features and complications of Congenital heart disease
- PA26.5Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, criteria and complications of rheumatic fever
- PA26.6Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, presentations, gross and microscopic features, diagnostic tests and complications of ischemic heart disease and interpret abnormalities in cardiac function testing in acute coronary syndromes
- PA26.7Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of infective endocarditis
- PA26.8Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of pericarditis and pericardial effusion
- PA26.9Classify and describe the etiology, types, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of cardiomyopathies
- PA26.10Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology features and complications of tumors of cardiovascular system.
- PA27.1Describe the normal histology of the kidney
- PA27.2Define, classify and distinguish the clinical syndromes and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical and laboratory and urinary findings, complications of renal failure
- PA27.3Define and describe the etiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory urinary findings, progression and complications of acute renal failure
- PA27.4Define and describe the etiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory urinary findings, progression and complications of chronic renal failure
- PA27.5Define and classify glomerular diseases. Enumerate and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanisms of glomerular injury, pathology, distinguishing features and clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis
- PA27.6Define and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, progression and complications of IgA nephropathy
- PA27.7Enumerate and describe the findings in glomerular manifestations of systemic disease
- PA27.8Enumerate and classify diseases affecting the tubular Interstitium
- PA27.9Define and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, progression and complications of acute tubular necrosis
- PA27.10Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of acute and chronic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy
- PA27.11Define, classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of vascular disease of the kidney
- PA27.12Define, classify and describe the genetics, inheritance, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of cystic disease of the kidney
- PA27.13Define, classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of renal stone disease and obstructive uropathy
- PA27.14Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features, progression and spread of renal tumors
- PA27.15Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features and progression of thrombotic angiopathies
- PA27.16Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features and progression of urothelial tumors
- PA27.17Identify and describe the features of kidney diseases and tumors in a gross and microscopic specimen
- PA28.1Classify testicular tumors and describe the pathogenesis, pathology, presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of testicular tumors
- PA28.2Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of carcinoma of the penis
- PA28.3Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, hormonal dependency, presenting and distinguishing features, urologic findings & diagnostic tests of benign prostatic hyperplasia
- PA28.4Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, hormonal dependency, presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of carcinoma of the prostate
- PA28.5Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and progression of prostatitis
- PA28.6Describe and identify the morphologic and microscopic features of diseases and tumors of male genital tract
- PA29.2Describe the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and progression and spread of carcinoma of the endometrium
- PA29.3Describe the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and progression and spread of carcinoma of the leiomyoma and leiomyosarcomas
- PA29.4Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical course, spread and complications of ovarian tumors
- PA29.5Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical course, spread and complications of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms
- PA29.6Describe the etiology and morphologic features of cervicitis
- PA29.7Describe the etiology, hormonal dependence, features and morphology of endometriosis
- PA29.8Describe the etiology and morphologic features of adenomyosis
- PA29.9Describe the etiology, hormonal dependence and morphology of endometrial hyperplasia
- PA29.10Describe and identify the morphologic and microscopic features of diseases and tumors of female genital tract
- PA30.1Classify and describe the types, etiology, pathogenesis, hormonal dependency of breast pathology and benign disease
- PA30.2Classify and describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, morphologic and microscopic features, prognostic factors, hormonal dependency, staging and spread of carcinoma of the breast
- PA30.3Describe and identify the morphologic and microscopic features of Phyllodes tumor of the breast
- PA30.4Enumerate and describe the etiology, hormonal dependency and pathogenesis of Gynaecomastia
- PA30.5Describe and identify the morphologic and microscopic features of benign and malignant tumors of the breast
- PA31.1Enumerate, classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and iodine dependency of thyroid swellings
- PA31.2Describe the etiology, cause, iodine dependency, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and imaging features and course of thyrotoxicosis
- PA31.3Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and imaging features and course of thyrotoxicosis/ hypothyroidism
- PA31.4Classify and describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical laboratory features & complications of Thyroid tumors
- PA31.5Classify and describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical laboratory features, complications and progression of diabetes mellitus
- PA31.6Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and morphologic features of hyperparathyroidism
- PA31.7Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic features, complications and metastases of pancreatic cancer
- PA31.8Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic features, complications of adrenal insufficiency
- PA31.9Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic features, complications of Cushing's syndrome
- PA31.10Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and morphologic features of adrenal neoplasms
- PA32.1Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications of osteomyelitis
- PA32.2Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications and metastases of bone tumors
- PA32.3Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications and metastases of soft tissue tumors
- PA32.4Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications of Paget's disease of the bone
- PA32.5Classify and describe the etiology, immunology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and laboratory features, diagnostic criteria and complications of rheumatoid arthritis
- PA32.6Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and laboratory features, diagnostic criteria and complications of Osteoarthritis and Gouty arthritis
- PA32.7Describe and identify the morphologic and microscopic features of diseases and tumors of bone
- PA33.1Describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, pathology and natural history of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
- PA33.2Describe the risk factors, pathogenesis, pathology and natural history of basal cell carcinoma of the skin
- PA33.3Describe the distinguishing features between a nevus and melanoma. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, morphology, clinical features and metastases of melanoma
- PA33.4Identify, distinguish and describe common tumors of the skin
- PA34.1Describe the etiology, types and pathogenesis, differentiating factors, CSF findings in meningitis
- PA34.2Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presentation, sequelae and complications of CNS tumors
- PA34.3Identify the etiology of meningitis based on given CSF parameters
- PA35.1Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presentation, sequelae and complications of retinoblastoma
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